Systems and Methods for Conditioning Air

ABSTRACT

A system for conditioning air in a structure includes a first conditioning system and a second conditioning system. The first conditioning system is capable of supplying conditioned air to a first space of the structure. The first space is enclosed, at least in part, by one or more external walls. The second conditioning system is capable of supplying conditioned air to a second space of the structure that is located above the first space. The second space is enclosed, at least in part, by a roof that is sealed to prevent a flow of air between the second space and an outside environment. The first space and the second space are separated by a ceiling that permits thermal energy to pass between the first space and the second space.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 12/686,696,entitled “System and Method for Conditioning Air” filed on Jan. 13,2010, and incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates, in general, to air-conditioning systems and,more particularly, to a system and method for energy-efficientair-conditioning within a residential building or other structure.

BACKGROUND

Cooling, heating, and other forms of air-conditioning are a significantsource of power consumption in many structures, especially homes andother residential buildings. In hot, humid climates, the amount ofenergy consumed by residential air-conditioning systems can be quitesubstantial. As a result, air-conditioning solutions that minimize theuse of conventional air-conditioning systems or that utilize renewableenergy sources can provide both environmental and cost benefits.

SUMMARY

In accordance with certain of the various embodiments described orsuggested by the present disclosure, disadvantages and problemsassociated with air-conditioning systems have been substantially reducedor eliminated.

In accordance with one embodiment, a system for conditioning air in astructure includes a first conditioning system and a second conditioningsystem. The first conditioning system is capable of supplyingconditioned air to a first space of a structure. The first space isenclosed, at least in part, by one or more external walls. The secondconditioning system is capable of supplying conditioned air to a secondspace of the structure that is located above the first space. The secondspace is enclosed, at least in part, by a roof that is sealed to preventa flow of air between the second space and an outside environment. Thefirst space and the second space are separated by a ceiling that permitsthermal energy to pass between the first space and the second space.

In accordance with another embodiment, a method for conditioning air ina structure includes activating a first conditioning system operable tosupply conditioned air to a first space of a structure. The first spaceis enclosed, at least in part, by one or more external walls. The methodalso includes activating a second conditioning system operable to supplyconditioned air to a second space of the structure located above thefirst space. The second space is enclosed, at least in part, by a roofthat is sealed to prevent a flow of air between the second space and anoutside environment. The first space and the second space are separatedby a ceiling that permits thermal energy to pass between the first spaceand the second space.

In accordance with yet another embodiment, a method for installing anair-conditioning system includes fluidly connecting a first conditioningsystem to a first space of a structure, fluidly connecting a secondconditioning system to a second space of the structure located above thefirst space, and sealing a roof to prevent a flow of air between thesecond space and an outside environment. In this structure, the firstspace is enclosed, at least in part, by one or more external walls andthe second space is enclosed, at least in part, by a roof that is sealedto prevent a flow of air between the second space and an outsideenvironment. Additionally, the first space and the second space areseparated by a ceiling that permits thermal energy to pass between thefirst space and the second space.

Technical advantages of certain embodiments include the ability toimprove the efficiency of heating, cooling, and other air-conditioningsystems in residential buildings and other structures. Furthermore,particular embodiments provide for an attic space that is sealed tofacilitate conditioning, inhibit the growth of mold or mold spores, andlimit decay from heat and moisture. Certain embodiments may also utilizerenewable energy sources to power such air conditioning. Other technicaladvantages will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from thefollowing figures, descriptions, and claims. Moreover, while specificadvantages have been enumerated above, various embodiments may includeall, some, or none of the enumerated advantages.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and forfurther features and advantages thereof, reference is now made to thefollowing description taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a particular embodiment of an air-conditioningsystem;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a control module utilized by particularembodiments of the air-conditioning system;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart detailing an example technique for installing aparticular embodiment of the air-conditioning system; and

FIG. 4 is a flowchart detailing example operation of a particularembodiment of the air-conditioning system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates a particular embodiment of an air-conditioning system10 for conditioning air in a structure 12. The illustrated embodiment ofair-conditioning system 10 includes a main conditioning system 20, asecondary conditioning system 30, a control module 40, and one or morealternative power supplies 50. Structure 12 is divided into a firstspace 14 and a second space 16. Main conditioning system 20 isresponsible for conditioning air in first space 14, while secondaryconditioning system 30 is responsible for conditioning air in secondspace 16. By utilizing secondary conditioning system 30 to condition airin second space 16, particular embodiments of air-conditioning system 10may be capable of conditioning first space 14 using a main conditioningsystem 20 that is smaller, that is less powerful, and/or that consumesless power than otherwise would be suitable for conditioning first space14.

In a conventional structure, an attic space is typically unsealed andenclosed by roofs and/or external walls having numerous vents or otheropenings. These openings can result in significant airflow between theattic and the outside environment. As a result, air in the attic of aconventional structure cannot be effectively conditioned, as conditionedair would quickly escape from the attic and be replaced by unconditionedair from outside. Because of this, a conventional structure typicallydoes not include a conditioning system for its attic, and attic air istypically not conditioned.

Instead, the ceiling between the attic and any inhabited spaces in aconventional structure is often insulated to prevent thermal energy frompassing between the unconditioned air in the attic and the conditionedair in the inhabited areas of the structure. Nonetheless, this insulatedceiling can trap hot air rising up through the inhabited area and hindercooling or other conditioning that may be desirable for the inhabitedarea of the structure. Additionally, because lighting fixtures, vents,wiring, and other components are often installed on or in the ceiling ofconventional structures, the ceiling often has numerous breaches andholes. Gaps around vents, light fixtures, and wires, and even thosearound nails and screws, can allow for a significant amount ofpollutants, allergens, and moisture to seep into inhabited areas ofconventional structures. The pollutants, allergens, and moisture canpenetrate into the attic space and further hinder attempts to conditionair in inhabited areas of conventional structures. As a result,air-conditioning systems in conventional structures are often sizedlarger to compensate for these breaches and holes, resulting insignificant long-term energy consumption and a greater initial cost forthe air conditioning equipment.

Additionally, because the attic in a conventional structure is typicallynot air-conditioned, the unconditioned air circulating in such an atticcan create numerous problems. Moisture from outside air can providefavorable conditions for the formation and accumulation of mold and canaccelerate structural decay. Similarly, excessively hot air in anunconditioned attic space can result in accelerated deterioration toshingles and other roofing materials. Additionally, heat, allergen, andpollutants can create unsafe or uncomfortable environment if the atticis entered for maintenance or inspection or if the attic is used forstorage or other purposes. Furthermore, while these problems aredescribed, for purposes of example, with respect to conditions in theattic and inhabited spaces of a conventional home, similar concerns mayarise in any analogously-situated spaces in a structure of any type.

However, in particular embodiments described by the present disclosure,air-conditioning system 10 is installed in a structure such as structure12 in which roof 60 and any external walls (such as the illustratedexternal walls 19) that enclose second space 16 are sealed andinsulated. As a result, there may be limited or no air flow betweensecond space 16 and the outside environment. As a result, secondaryconditioning system 30 can be used to effectively condition air insecond space 16 with minimal loss of conditioned air to the outsideenvironment and minimal influx of unconditioned outside air.

Additionally, second space 16 and first space 14 of structure 12 may beseparated by a ceiling 62 that allows conditioned air and/or thermalenergy to pass between second space 16 and first space 14. In particularembodiments, ceiling 62 may be substantially free of insulatingmaterial, permitting heat from air in first space 14 to pass throughceiling 62. Thus, in particular embodiments, ceiling 62 may consist ofmaterials having a thermal resistance, or R-value, less than 45ft²·F·h/Btu, a typical resistance for conventional insulating material.Moreover, in certain embodiments, ceiling 62 may consist of materialshaving significantly lower R-values (e.g., R-values less than or equalto 5 ft²·F·h/Btu) to further facilitate the passage of thermal energybetween first space 14 and second space 16.

In addition, openings may exist in ceiling 62 through which air may passbetween second space 16 and first space 14. For example, gaps aroundfixtures such as vents and recessed lighting fixtures may permit air topass between second space 16 and first space 14. Under certaincircumstance, this transfer of air results in relatively cooler air insecond space 16 flowing into first space 14 and replacing relativelywarmer air in first space 14. Thus, conditioning of air in second space16 can facilitate conditioning of air in first space 14. As a result,particular embodiments of air-conditioning system 10 may reduce oreliminate many of the above problems when installed in such a structureas structure 12 illustrated in FIG. 1.

Turning to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, structure 12 representsa house or other building in which air-conditioning system 10 may beinstalled. Structure 12 is divided into multiple sections includingfirst space 14 and second space 16. Although, for purposes ofsimplicity, structure 12 is shown as having only two sections, structure12 may divided into any appropriate number of sections. Such additionalsections may be conditioned by main conditioning system 20 or secondaryconditioning system 30 or may be associated with and conditioned byadditional conditioning systems. Although structure 12 may represent anytype of building or other structure, particular embodiments ofair-conditioning system 10 may be especially well suited forinstallation in residential buildings due to conventional constructionmethods, and the typical building codes that regulate these methods.

First space 14 represents a living space or other portion of structure12 suitable for inhabitation. For example, in various embodiments, firstspace 14 may represent the ground floor of a one-story house, or theground and second floor of a two-story house. Although the descriptionbelow focuses on an embodiment in which first space 14 represents aspace suitable for inhabitation by humans, first space 14 may representan area suitable for storage of animals (such as a holding area forlivestock in a barn), an area suitable for storage of food items (suchas a refrigerated area of a warehouse), or any other area suited foruses that may benefit from air conditioning of any type. First space 14is enclosed by a plurality of external walls 18.

Second space 16 represents an attic in a residential home or anotherarea separating first space 14 from one or more external surfaces ofstructure 12, such as roof 60. In particular embodiments, second space16 is situated above first space 14. Second space 16 is enclosed, atleast in part, by roof 60 and ceiling 62, which second space 16 shareswith first space 14. In particular embodiments, second space 16 may alsobe enclosed, in part, by external walls (such as the illustratedexternal walls 19). Second space 16 is sealed to prevent air flowbetween second space 16 and the outside environment external tostructure 12. Additionally, insulating material 64 is attached to orincorporated into roof 60 and any external walls 19 enclosing secondspace 16 to limit the ability of roof 60 and any external walls 19 totransfer heat.

Insulating material 64 represents any material capable of impeding heattransfer through roof 60 and any external walls 19 of second space 16.Although insulating material 64 may comprise any material capable ofimpeding heat transfer, in particular embodiments, insulating material64 comprises material having a thermal resistance, or R-value, greaterthan 45 ft²·F·h/Btu. Additionally, insulating material 64 may representmaterial formed and/or applied in any appropriate manner, includingconventional fiberglass panels.

In particular embodiments, the use of spray foam insulation asinsulating material 64 may be particularly advantageous, as spray foaminsulation is well-suited for application in the crevices, cracks, andother irregularities that may be common in second space 16 and that maybe difficult to fully cover with other types of insulation.Additionally, because spray foam insulation may initially be applied asa liquid or semi-malleable solid, spray foam insulation can fill cracks,holes, and other breaches in roof 60 and any external walls 19 enclosingsecond space 16. As a result, spray foam insulation may aid in sealingsecond space 16. Additionally, because the use of spray foam insulationmay eliminate the need for nails or other fasteners when insulatingmaterial 64 is installed, spray foam insulation may also preventadditional holes from being formed in roof 60 and any external walls 19enclosing second space 16.

Main conditioning system 20 represents a system for cooling, heating,filtering, humidifying, de-humidifying, and/or otherwise conditioningair in first space 14. Main conditioning system 20 may represent orinclude any appropriate combination of compressors or other componentsfor providing a supply of flowing air; cooling or heating coils,burners, or filters or other components for conditioning air; and/orblowers, fans, ducts, or other components for distributing airthroughout first space 14. In particular embodiments, main conditioningsystem 20 may represent a conventional residential air-conditioningsystem, such as any air cooled, forced, air conditioning system. In theillustrated example, main conditioning system 20 includes a compressor22 and an air distribution duct 24.

Secondary conditioning system 30 represents a system for cooling,heating, filtering, humidifying, de-humidifying, and/or otherwiseconditioning air in second space 16. Secondary conditioning system 30may include compressors or other components for providing a supply offlowing air; cooling or heating coils, burners, ducts for distributingair throughout second space 16, and/or components suitable to conditionair or distribute the conditioned air throughout second space 16. Inparticular embodiments, secondary conditioning system 30 may represent aconditioning system similar or identical to main conditioning system 20.However, in certain embodiments, secondary conditioning system 30 mayrepresent a scalable system that can be zoned and optimally sized, suchas a ductless, multi-zoned, mini-split air conditioning system. Theability to optimally size secondary conditioning system 30 for secondspace 16 may allow air-conditioning system 10 to be designed withreduced cooling capacity, which reduces initial cost and providespotential long-term energy savings. In the illustrated example,secondary conditioning system 30 includes a compressor 32 and anair-handling unit 34, connected by a conduit 36. Conduit 36 houses apower cable, refrigeration tubing, suction tubing, and a condensatedrain.

Alternative power supplies 50 represent power supplies from whichsecondary conditioning system 30 may draw power as an alternative to apublic power grid connection 52. In various embodiments, alternativepower supplies 50 may fully replace power from the public power grid,selectively replace power from the public power grid (e.g., at certaintimes of day), or supplement power drawn from the public power grid. Inparticular embodiments, alternative power supplies 50 are located localto structure 12. Additionally, in particular embodiments, alternativepower supplies may supply power from renewable power sources, such assolar, water, wind, and geothermal energy. Furthermore, in particularembodiments, power from alternative power supplies 50 may be storedlocally by air-conditioning system 10. Therefore, in the illustratedembodiment, air-conditioning system 10 includes an alternative powersupply 50 a comprising solar panels, an alternative power supply 50 bcomprising a wind turbine, and an alternative power supply 50 ccomprising a battery. In this example, surplus power collected by solarpanels 50 a and wind turbine 50 b is stored in battery 50 c for lateruse by air-conditioning system 10. In particular embodiments, the use ofsolar power collected by solar panels local to structure 12 may beespecially beneficial considering the amount of cooling needed tomaintain a particular temperature in second space 16 will depend on theamount of sunlight incident on structure 12, and thus, on the solarpanels. As a result, such embodiments may have additional poweravailable when the need for air-conditioning is greatest.

In particular embodiments, various types of alternative power supplies50 may be included as part of air-conditioning system 10 to ensure thatpower is collected and available under a wide range of differentoperating conditions. For example, air-conditioning system 10 mayinclude a solar panel for collecting solar energy during the day whensunlight is typically abundant and a wind turbine for collecting windduring the evening and nighttime when sunlight is not available. As aresult, particular embodiments of air-conditioning system 10 may beconfigured to operate without or with minimal reliance on the publicpower grid.

Control module 40 controls operation of air-conditioning system 10. Inparticular embodiments, control module 40 receives input from usersand/or sensors and manages the operation of air-conditioning system 10based on this input. Control module 40 may couple to and/or communicatewith sensors or other components for detecting conditions or eventsrelated to the operation of air-conditioning system 10 (such astemperature and humidity detectors, light sensors, wind sensors, orbattery-level detectors); user input components that allow a user tomanage or affect operation of air-conditioning system 10 (such askeypads, dials, and toggle switches); and electrical or mechanicalcomponents that allow control module 40 to activate, operate, orotherwise control components of main conditioning system 20, secondaryconditioning system 30, and alternative power supplies 50. Depending onthe configuration of air-conditioning system 10, control module 40 mayrepresent a single component or multiple, separate physical componentslocated throughout structure 12. The contents of a particular embodimentof control module 40 is described in further detail below with respectto FIG. 2.

In operation, main conditioning system 20 conditions air in first space14 and secondary conditioning system 30 conditions air in second space16. As noted above, this conditioning may include heating, cooling,humidity control, filtration, and/or other types of conditioning thatchange any appropriate properties of the relevant air. For example, inparticular embodiments, a compressor 22 of main conditioning system 20cools air and a duct system 24 of main conditioning system 20distributes the cooled air to one or more locations in first space 14,while a compressor 32 and air-handling unit 34 of secondary conditioningsystem 30 cool and distribute air to locations in second space 16.

In embodiments of air-conditioning system 10 that provide cooling, theconditioning of air in second space 16 can result in relatively coolerattic air that descends towards the bottom of second space 16. Meanwhilerelatively hotter air in first space 14 will rise to the top of firstspace 14. Because ceiling 62 includes minimal or no insulating material,ceiling 62 will only minimally impede the transfer of heat betweensecond space 16 and first space 14. As a result, thermal energy will betransferred between the warmer air on the first-space side of ceiling 62and the cooler air on the second-space side of ceiling 62. Additionally,because ceiling 62 may still have numerous openings through which airmay pass, cooler air collecting at the bottom of second space 16 mayflow through such holes into first space 14. Both of these effects mayassist in cooling first space 14.

Secondary conditioning system 30 may additionally or alternatively becapable of performing other types of conditioning to air in second space16 apart from cooling, such as filtration and humidity control. Becauseairflow can occur between second space 16 and first space 14 through thenumerous openings in ceiling 62, other types of conditioning performedby secondary conditioning system 30 may aid any similar conditioningperformed by main conditioning system 20 to the air in first space 14.

Consequently, secondary conditioning system's ability to enhanceconditioning of air in first space 14 may provide multiple benefits tothe design and operation of main conditioning system 20. Depending onthe configuration of main conditioning system 20, a smaller capacitymain conditioning system 20 may be installed in structure 12 or theinstalled main conditioning system 20 may need to be activated lessfrequently to cool first space 14. As a result, secondary conditioningsystem 30 may reduce the energy consumption and expense associated withmain conditioning system 20.

Additionally, the structure and preparation of second space 16 and theconditioning performed by secondary conditioning system 30 may haveadded benefits for second space 16. For example, sealing second space 16and using secondary conditioning system 30 to control the humidity levelof the air in second space 16 may prevent the growth of mold and inhibitmoisture-related decay. Similarly, conditioning air in second space 16may make second space 16 safer and more comfortable when entered formaintenance, inspection, or other purposes.

In particular embodiments of air-conditioning system 10, control module40 manages the operation of main conditioning system 20, secondaryconditioning system 30, and/or alternative power supplies 50. As aresult, in particular embodiments, air-conditioning system 10 mayprovide additional benefits from control module 40 coordinatingoperation of these elements, managing these elements in accordance withcertain goals or policies, and/or adjusting their operation in responseto certain events.

As one example, control module 40 may be configured to manage theoperation of main conditioning system 20 and secondary conditioningsystem 30 based on targets for certain environmental parametersassociated with first space 14, such as temperature, humidity, orappropriate air-quality measurements. Thus, in particular embodiments,control module 40 may activate secondary conditioning system 30 inresponse to determining that a temperature associated with first space14 is greater than a predetermined target temperature or in response todetermining that the difference between the relevant temperature and atarget temperature is greater than a predetermined threshold. In suchembodiments, the operation of secondary conditioning system 30 may bemore energy-efficient than the operation of main conditioning system 20and secondary conditioning system's cooling effect on first space 14 maybe significant enough that operating secondary conditioning system 30 inconjunction with main conditioning system 20 may be more cost- orenergy-efficient than attempting to condition the air in first space 14using main conditioning system 20 alone.

Alternatively, in particular embodiments, secondary conditioning system30 may be configured to run continuously while main conditioning system20 may be configured to only turn on if particular conditions aresatisfied (e.g., the temperature of first space 14 exceeds some limit).In such embodiments, secondary conditioning system 30 may likewise bemore energy efficient in operation than main conditioning system 20. Asa result, the continuous operation of secondary conditioning system 30may provide cost or energy savings by limiting the amount of time ornumber of times that main conditioning system 20 is activated.

As another example, control module 40 may be configured to intelligentlymanage the use of alternative power supplies 50. In particularembodiments, control module 40 may be capable of controlling a switch 54to switch secondary conditioning system 30 between multiple alternativepower supplies 50 or between public power grid connection 52 and one ormore alternative power supplies 50. As indicated above, control module40 may be configured to select an appropriate power supply for secondaryconditioning system 30 based on certain trigger events, such as certainenvironmental parameters being satisfied, or according to apredetermined schedule. For example, in particular embodiments, controlmodule 40 may be capable of detecting the availability of alternativepower provided by alternative power supplies 50 and activating switch 54(or other appropriate hardware and/or software components) to connectsecondary conditioning system 30 to an alternative power supply 50.Control module 40 may also be capable of activating switch 54 to connectsecondary conditioning system 30 to an alternative power supply 50according to a predetermined schedule that takes into account, forexample, expected availability of power from various differentalternative power supplies 50. For solar power in particular, this maypermit control module 40 to make use of a solar alternative power supply50 when solar power is most plentiful and cooling is likely to be mostneeded. In addition, control module 40 may be capable of operatingswitch 54 to selectively connect a battery (such as alternative powersupply 50 c in FIG. 1) to any of alternative power supplies 50, so thatthe battery can be charged when power is available from the relevantalternative power supply 50.

As yet another example, control module 40 may be capable of managing theoperation of air-conditioning system 10, secondary conditioning system30, switch 54, and/or alternative based on utility rate informationstored or accessed by control module 40. For example, control module 40may turn main conditioning system 20 or secondary conditioning system 30on or off based on rates associated with power provided by the publicpower grid or any alternative power supplies 50. Similarly, controlmodule 40 may selectively connect secondary conditioning system 30 to aparticular alternative power supply 50 based on rates associated withpublic power grid so that secondary conditioning system 30 can utilizealternative power supplies 50 when rates for power supplied by thepublic power grid exceed certain thresholds. Additionally, controlmodule 40 may selectively connect a battery to the public power gridconnection 52 to allow the battery to charge for later use when ratesare below a certain threshold.

As another example, control module 40 may also be capable of collectinghistorical data on the operation of air-conditioning system 10 and/orthe conditions within structure 12. In such embodiments, control module40 may be further capable of utilizing the collected data to manageoperation of the various components of air-conditioning system 10.Examples of such historical data include, but are not limited to, energyusage of main conditioning system 20 and secondary conditioning system30, historical availability of renewable energy from alternative powersupplies 50, temperature or other environmental changes resulting fromthe operation of main conditioning system 20 and/or secondaryconditioning system 30. Control module 40 may store this data forsubsequent use by control module 40, for display to a user, or for anyother suitable purpose.

Additionally, in particular embodiments, control module 40 may determineoptimal operational parameters for air-conditioning system 10 based onthis stored data. For example, if renewable energy is not available fromalternative power supplies 50 at a given point in time, control module40 may determine based on historical data on temperature and/or humiditychanges resulting from the activation of secondary conditioning system30 when to activate secondary conditioning system 30 using power frompublic power grid connection 52. In particular embodiments, this maypermit control module 40 to decide based on historical data, howfrequently to activate secondary conditioning system 30 when power fromalternative power supplies 40 is not available, when power fromalternative power supplies 50 is available in limited quantity, or whenthe state of alternative power supplies 40 satisfies any otherappropriate condition.

Thus, in particular embodiments, cool, dehumidified air may be providedto second space 16 (such as an attic) by secondary conditioning system30 using renewable energy sources. Because second space 16 is sealed,second space 16 may serve as a storage area for this conditioned air,trapping a supply of conditioned air against ceiling 62 separatingsecond space 16 and first space 14. As thermal energy propagates throughceiling 62 and as air seeps through holes and breaches in ceiling 62,this supply of conditioned air in second space 16 may significantly aidconditioning of air in first space 14.

As a result, the installation and use of air-conditioning system 10 instructure 12 may provide improved air-conditioning performance in firstspace 14. Additionally, the installation and use of secondaryconditioning system 30 can result in cost and energy savings for thepurchase or operation of main conditioning system 20. Furthermore,conditioning of air in second space 16 may prevent mold, limit decay,and improve air quality in second space 16. Intelligent management ofmain conditioning system 20, secondary conditioning system 30, and/oralternative power supplies 50 by control module 40 may also providefurther cost or energy savings. As a result, the installation and use ofair-conditioning system 10 may provide numerous benefits. However,various embodiments of air-conditioning system 10 may offer all, some,or none of these advantages.

FIG. 2 illustrates control module 40 according to a particularembodiment of air-conditioning system 10. In the illustrated example,control module 40 includes a processor 102, memory 104, a sensorinterface module 106, and a user interface module 108.

Processor 102 may represent or include any form of processing component,including general purpose computers, dedicated microprocessors, or otherprocessing devices capable of processing electronic information.Examples of processor 102 include digital signal processors (DSPs),application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmablegate arrays (FPGAs), and any other suitable specific or general purposeprocessors. Although FIG. 2 illustrates a particular embodiment ofcontrol module 40 that includes a single processor 102, control module40 may, in general, include any suitable number of processors 102.

Memory 104 stores processor instructions, historical operating andenvironmental data, rate information, and/or settings and parametersutilized by control module 40 during operation. Memory 104 may compriseany collection and arrangement of volatile or non-volatile, componentssuitable for storing data, such as for example random access memory(RAM) devices, read only memory (ROM) devices, magnetic storage devices,optical storage devices, or any other suitable data storage devices. Inparticular embodiments, memory 104 may represent, in part,computer-readable media on which computer instructions are encoded. Insuch embodiments, some or all the described functionality of controlmodule 40 may be provided by processor 102 executing the instructionsencoded on the described media. Although shown in FIG. 2 as a singlecomponent, memory 104 may represent any number of memory elementswithin, local to, or remotely accessible by control module 40.

Sensor interface module 106 receives signals from sensors that collectinformation pertaining to various aspects of the air in first space 14and second space 16; the availability of power from alternative powersupplies 50; the operation or status of main conditioning system 20,secondary conditioning system 30, or other components ofair-conditioning system 10; and/or any other appropriate informationthat may be used by control module 40 during operation ofair-conditioning system 10. Sensor interface module 106 may representany appropriate combination of hardware and/or software suitable toprovide the described functionality. In particular embodiments, sensorinterface module 106 includes or represents a multiplexer capable ofselectively providing to processor 102 signals from one of a pluralityof sensors. Additionally, in particular embodiments, sensor interfacemodule 106 represents, in part or in whole, a software application beingexecuted on processor 102.

User interface module 108 receives input from a user of air-conditioningsystem 10 regarding target temperatures, operating schedules, power ratethresholds, and any other appropriate information related to theoperation of air-conditioning system 10. User interface module 108 mayalso provide a user information regarding the operation or status ofmain conditioning system 20, secondary conditioning system 30, oralternative power supplies 50; the availability of power from one ormore alternative power supply 50; current power usage; and/or any otherappropriate information regarding the operation of air-conditioningsystem 10. User interface module 108 may include any suitablecombination of input devices, such as buttons, dials, keypads, andtoggle switches, and may include any suitable combination of outputcomponents, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), a discrete display,speakers, and gauges. Although shown in FIG. 2 as separate, distinctcomponents, user interface module 108 and sensor interface module 106may include one or more common components. Additionally, in particularembodiments, user interface module 108 represents, in part or in whole,a software application being executed on processor 102.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example technique for installingair-conditioning system 10 in a structure such as structure 12. In thedescribed example, air-conditioning system 10 is installed as part of aretrofit to an existing air-conditioning system that, for purposes ofthis example, is assumed to already include an existing mainconditioning system 20. The steps illustrated in FIG. 3 may be combined,modified, or deleted where appropriate, and additional steps may also beadded to those shown. Additionally, the steps may be performed in anysuitable order without departing from the scope of the presentdisclosure.

The installation process begins at step 300 with second space 16 beingsealed to prevent airflow between second space 16 and an outsideenvironment external to structure 12. This sealing step may include, forexample, covering or removing vents (such as soffit vents), addingdrywall or other materials to roof 60 or any external walls 19 of atticspace, or applying chemical sealants to appropriate surfaces of secondspace 16. In general, second space 16 may be sealed using anyappropriate techniques and materials.

At step 310, the attic-side of roof 60 and the attic-side of anyexternal walls 19 of second space 16 are insulated with insulatingmaterial 64. As noted above, insulating material 64 may represent anyappropriate material capable of impeding or preventing the transfer ofheat through the surface on which it is installed or to which it isapplied. In particular embodiments, insulating material 64 representsconventional fiberglass panels. However, under certain circumstances,spray foam insulation may be a particularly suitable insulating material64 as spray foam insulation may be more easily applied to theirregularly-shaped surfaces of second space 16 and may also fill incracks and crevices in roof 60 or external walls 19 of second space 16thereby helping seal second space 16.

In particular embodiments, if existing insulating material 64 isinstalled on or in ceiling 62, this existing insulating material 64 maybe removed from the attic-side of ceiling 62 of structure 12, at step320, to permit the transfer of thermal energy between first space 14 andsecond space 16. However, depending on the structure and composition ofceiling 62, this may not be possible or desirable. Additionally, inparticular embodiments, air-conditioning system 10 may be installedduring construction of structure 12 and no existing insulating material64 may be present in or on ceiling 62.

At step 330, control module 40 is installed and appropriately connectedto any previously-installed elements of air-conditioning system 10, suchas main conditioning system 20. At step 340, secondary conditioningsystem 30 is installed and connected to control module 40. Installationof secondary conditioning system 30 may include any appropriate stepsdepending on the configuration and capabilities of secondaryconditioning system 30. In particular embodiments, installation ofsecondary conditioning system 30 includes fluidly connecting secondaryconditioning system 30 to second space 16. At step 350, air-conditioningsystem 10 is activated and installation ends as shown in FIG. 3.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating example operation of a particularembodiment of air-conditioning system 10. In particular, FIG. 4describes an embodiment in which secondary conditioning system 30 isactivated when the temperatures in second space 16 and/or first space 14exceed predetermined thresholds. Depending on the configuration ofair-conditioning system 10, the steps described below may be completedby a user of air-conditioning system 10 or by an automated component ofair-conditioning system 10 (such as control module 40), or anyappropriate combination thereof. The steps illustrated in FIG. 4 may becombined, modified, or deleted where appropriate, and additional stepsmay also be added to those shown. Additionally, the steps may beperformed in any suitable order without departing from the scope of thepresent disclosure.

Operation of air-conditioning system 10 begins at step 400 withair-conditioning system 10 detecting a temperature associated withsecond space 16 and a temperature associated with first space 14. Atstep 410, air-conditioning system 10 determines whether the temperatureof second space 16 exceeds a first threshold. If so, air-conditioningsystem 10 activates secondary conditioning system 30, at step 420, andoperation continues at step 450.

If not, air-conditioning system 10 determines whether the temperature offirst space 14 exceeds a second threshold at step 430. If so,air-conditioning system 10 activates secondary conditioning system 30,at step 440, and operation continues at step 450. If not, operation ofair-conditioning system 10 may end as shown in FIG. 4, orair-conditioning system 10 may continue monitoring the temperature ofsecond space 16 and first space 14, returning to step 400.

When activated secondary conditioning system 30 may supply cool,dehumidified air to second space 16. Because second space 16 is sealed,second space 16 may serve as a storage area for this conditioned air,trapping a supply of conditioned air against ceiling 62. As thermalenergy propagates through ceiling 62 and as air seeps through holes andbreaches in ceiling 62, this supply of conditioned air in second space16 may significantly aid in conditioning the air in first space 14.

Once secondary conditioning system 30 has been activated, secondaryconditioning system 30 may, depending on the configuration ofair-conditioning system 10, continue to run indefinitely or until anyappropriate event or events occur. For example, in the illustratedembodiment, secondary conditioning system 30 continues to run until atemperature associated with second space 16 is below a specificthreshold or until a temperature associated with first space 14 is belowa specific threshold. Thus, at step 450, air-conditioning system 10detects the temperature associated with second space 16 and thetemperature associated with first space 14. At step 460,air-conditioning system 10 determines whether the temperature of secondspace 16 is below a third threshold or the temperature of first space 14is below a fourth threshold. If neither condition is satisfied,operation returns to step 450 and air-conditioning system 10 continuesmonitoring the temperatures of second space 16 and first space 14. Ifeither of the relevant temperatures is below its correspondingthreshold, air-conditioning system 10 deactivates secondary conditioningsystem 30 at step 470. Operation of air-conditioning system 10 may thenterminate as shown in FIG. 4 or air-conditioning system 10 may continuemonitoring the temperatures of second space 16 and first space 14,returning to step 400.

Although the present disclosure describes or suggests severalembodiments, a myriad of changes, variations, alterations,transformations, and modifications may be suggested to one skilled inthe art, and it is intended that the present disclosure encompass suchchanges, variations, alterations, transformations, and modifications asfall within the scope of the appended claims.

1-25. (canceled)
 26. A system for conditioning air, comprising: a firstconditioning system operable to supply conditioned air to an inhabitedspace of a structure, wherein the inhabited space is enclosed, at leastin part, by one or more external walls; a second conditioning systemoperable to supply conditioned air to an attic space of the structurelocated above the inhabited space, wherein the attic space is enclosed,at least in part, by a roof that is sealed to prevent a flow of gasbetween the attic space and an outside environment, and wherein theinhabited space and the attic space are separated by a ceiling thatpermits thermal energy to pass between the inhabited space and the atticspace; and a control module operable to: activate the secondconditioning system in response to a determination that a temperatureassociated with the inhabited space exceeds a threshold temperaturemeasure a change in temperature within the structure resulting fromactivation of the second conditioning system; measure energy usageassociated with activation of the first conditioning system or thesecond conditioning system; store data recording the measured change intemperature and the measured energy usage; determine an availability ofpower from an alternative power supply; determine whether to activatethe second conditioning system based on the availability of power andthe stored data; and selectively couple the second conditioning systemto at least one of a public power supply and the alternative powersupply, wherein the alternative power supply is operable to supply thesecond conditioning system with power from a renewable source.
 27. Thesystem of claim 26, wherein the attic space stores cooled air suppliedby the second conditioning system, and wherein the cooled air absorbsthermal energy passing through the ceiling from the inhabited space. 28.The system of claim 26, wherein the alternative power supply comprises apower supply selected from the group consisting of a photovoltaic cell,a wind turbine and a battery.
 29. The system of claim 26, wherein theceiling comprises a material having a thermal resistance of less than 45ft²·F·h/Btu.
 30. The system of claim 28, wherein the alternative powersupply is a battery, and the battery is operable to store electriccharge and supply electrical power to the second conditioning system.31. The system of claim 26, wherein the control module is furtheroperable to: detect a trigger event associated with the alternativepower supply; and in response to detecting the trigger event, couple thesecond conditioning system to the alternative power supply.
 32. Thesystem of claim 31, wherein detecting the trigger event comprisesdetermining the current time.
 33. The system of claim 31, whereindetecting the trigger event comprises determining an amount of powerbeing generated by the alternative power supply.
 34. A method forconditioning air, comprising: activating a first conditioning systemoperable to supply conditioned air to an inhabited space of a structure,wherein the inhabited space is enclosed, at least in part, by one ormore external walls; activating a second conditioning system operable tosupply conditioned air to an attic space of the structure located abovethe inhabited space, wherein the attic space is enclosed, at least inpart, by a roof that is sealed to prevent a flow of gas between theattic space and an outside environment, and wherein the inhabited spaceand the attic space are separated by a ceiling that permits thermalenergy to pass between the inhabited space and the attic space;measuring a change in temperature within the structure resulting fromactivation of the second conditioning system; measuring energy usageassociated with activation of the first conditioning system or thesecond conditioning system; and storing data recording the measuredchange in temperature and the measured energy usage; wherein theactivating the second conditioning system is based on a determinationthat a temperature associated with the inhabited space exceeds athreshold temperature.
 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the ceilingconsists of material having a thermal resistance of less than 45ft²·F·h/Btu.
 36. A method for conditioning air, comprising: activating afirst conditioning system operable to supply conditioned air to aninhabited space of a structure, wherein the inhabited space is enclosed,at least in part, by one or more external walls; activating a secondconditioning system operable to supply conditioned air to an attic spaceof the structure located above the inhabited space, wherein the atticspace is enclosed, at least in part, by a roof that is sealed to preventa flow of gas between the attic space and an outside environment, andwherein the inhabited space and the attic space are separated by aceiling that permits thermal energy to pass between the inhabited spaceand the attic space; determining an availability of power from analternative power supply; and selectively coupling the secondconditioning system to at least one of a public power supply and thealternative power supply, wherein the alternative power supply isoperable to supply the second conditioning system with power from arenewable source; wherein the activating the second conditioning systemis based on the availability of power from the alternative power supply.37. The method of claim 36, wherein the alternative power supplycomprises a power supply selected from the group consisting of aphotovoltaic cell, a wind turbine and a battery.
 38. The method of claim36, wherein the ceiling comprises a material having a thermal resistanceof less than 45 ft²·F·h/Btu.
 39. The method of claim 36, whereinselectively coupling the second conditioning system to one of the publicpower supply and the alternative power supply comprises: detecting atrigger event associated with the alternative power supply; and inresponse to detecting the trigger event, coupling the secondconditioning system to the alternative power supply.
 40. The method ofclaim 39, wherein detecting the trigger event comprises determining thecurrent time.
 41. The method of claim 39, wherein detecting the triggerevent comprises determining an amount of power being generated by thealternative power supply.
 42. A method comprising: fluidly connecting afirst conditioning system to an inhabited space of a structure, whereinthe inhabited space is enclosed, at least in part, by one or moreexternal walls; sealing an attic space located above the inhabited spaceto prevent a flow of gas between the attic space and an outsideenvironment; fluidly connecting a second conditioning system operable tosupply conditioned air to the attic space, wherein the inhabited spaceand the attic space are separated by a ceiling that permits thermalenergy to pass between the inhabited space and the attic space; andcoupling a control module to the second conditioning system, the controlmodule operable to: activate the second conditioning system in responseto a determination that a temperature associated with the inhabitedspace exceeds a threshold temperature; measure a change in temperaturewithin the structure resulting from activation of the secondconditioning system; store data recording the measured change intemperature; determine an availability of power from an alternativepower supply; selectively couple the second conditioning system to atleast one of a public power supply and the alternative power supply,wherein the alternative power supply is operable to supply the secondconditioning system with power from a renewable source; and determinewhether to activate the second conditioning system based on theavailability of power and the stored data.
 43. The method of claim 42,wherein the alternative power supply comprises a power supply selectedfrom the group consisting of a photovoltaic cell, a wind turbine and abattery.
 44. The method of claim 42, wherein the ceiling comprises amaterial having a thermal resistance of less than 45 ft²·F·h/Btu.